There are many difficult water treatment problems we all deal with on a daily basis. Few are life and death like this application.
I am on a wide variety of email newsletters. Here was an interesting article on how scientists at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) are working on taking all available sources of water in a space craft or space station and reclaiming them for reuse. This includes humidity and urine! Overall they achieve 93% recovery of the water.
The name of the project is Environmental Control and Life Support Systems, ECLSS, and is pronounced "EE-cliss".
What is also interesting is they are using part of the water to generate oxygen by electrolysis. In this way, long term mission on the Moon or to Mars can be feasible. In order for this to happen, they need to increase the recovery closer to 100%
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