Res-Kem Blog

Q&A on Condensate Polishers with Res-Kem’s Kevin Preising

2012-01-25T09:44:00.000-05:00

While dirty condensate clean-up can be an energy buster in most processing plants, one cost effective solution is to polish contaminated condensate for re-use. Condensate polishers use a simple ion exchange technology that is easy to operate, easy to maintain and economical to use – less make-up water is required which leads to lower chemical and energy consumption.

Here is a brief Q&A video with Res-Kem’s Process Engineer Kevin Preising that addresses some of the most common questions about Condensate Polishers. Kevin touches on the following points:
• The difference between sodium condensate polishers and water softeners
• The life expectancy of a condensate polisher
• What plant utility services are required for condensate polishers
• Why a sub-surface wash is important
• The advantage of using a sample cooler
• The type of instruments on a condensate polisher

Watch it now!

New Two Bed Demineralizer Technical Bulletins

2012-01-18T11:23:00.002-05:00

Res-Kem has a complete 2-Bed demineralizer product line designed for industrial water production. The standard tank sizes range from 18" to 96".

Two-Bed Demineralizer with
PVC Tank Coating and PVC Face Piping

These two-bed deionizers are designed for fully or semi-automatic production of water with a conductivity of less than 10 micro-ohms and feature:

Flow rates from 10 - 220 gpm and capacities from 140,000 - 2,200,000 grains.
Strong acid 8% crosslinked cation and type 2 strong base anion resins as the standard, with other resins available as an option.
Microprocessor based control system with conductivity monitor and flow sensor for regeneration initiation.
Electrical enclosures are NEMA 4XFG corrosion resistant fiberglass, which reduces maintenance costs.
PVC coated steel vessels depending on size and customer requirements.
Optional ASME code vessels.
Factory assembled and skid mounted for quick installation and minimum startup cost.
Schedule 80 PVC piping package including air operated true union ball valves are standard. Air or electric actuated ball or butterfly valves are available as an option.
Pressure regulators, rotameters and metering valves supplied for accurate and safe control of regeneration water and chemical introduction.
Internal distributors are corrosion resistant, designed for optimum efficiency and are fully supported where required.

Technical Bulletins:
The following are the standard system sizes available from Res-Kem:

DI18072	Dual 18-inch diameter demineralizer system
DI24072	Dual 24-inch diameter system
DI30072	Dual 30-inch diameter system
DI36072	Dual 36-inch diameter system
DI42072	Dual 42-inch diameter system
DI48072	Dual 48-inch diameter system
DI54072	Dual 54-inch diameter system
DI60072	Dual 60-inch diameter system
DI66072	Dual 66-inch diameter system
DI72072	Dual 72-inch diameter system
DI78072	Dual 78-inch diameter system
DI84072	Dual 84-inch diameter system
DI90072	Dual 90-inch diameter system
DI96072	Dual 96-inch diameter system

For further information, please contact Res-Kem or call 800-323-1983.

Elliptical Bolt & Yoke Manways

2012-01-12T14:18:00.000-05:00

Res-Kem is a leading supplier of elliptical yoke and bolt manways for personnel access to pressure vessels. Res-Kem offers various sizes of these complete manhole assemblies or tank manhole covers, which can be used for industrial and commercial water treatment applications. They are the following:

· 11x15

· 12x16

· 14x18

· 18x24

Most of the manway requests we receive from callers are for replacement cover assemblies, or top assemblies. A top assembly consists of the following:

· cover

· (2) yokes

· (2) nuts & bolts

· gasket

We can also provide complete manway assemblies, which include all of the above, and the tank-welding ring. Tank welding rings, which are known as the tank opening, are 3/4" or 1" thick, with depths of 3", 4", 5" or 6". Typically, our customers specify the ring dimension. We can offer some assistance on the ring depth if we are given information on the tank shell diameter, and the thickness of either the shell or head.

When it comes to replacing an elliptical manway on an existing tank, the most important aspect is to provide the inside dimensions of the tank opening (which is the welding ring), so Res-Kem can properly quote the correct size cover. Measuring the depth of the opening will help us determine the correct length of the bolts that are needed. For example, if an opening measures 4" in depth, we will offer a bolt length 1" longer than the depth of the opening if the size of the manway is 11x15, 12x16, or 14x18. If the manway is an 18x24 size, we will offer a bolt length 2" longer than the depth.

We offer manways made of:

Carbon steel
304 stainless steel
316 stainless steel.

The manways come standard with a neoprene gasket rated for a max temperature of 170 ° Fahrenheit, or we can provide gaskets rated for temperatures over 500 ° Fahrenheit.

If you are not sure what size manway you require, you can review our product bulletin for assistance, email Mike Polito, or call us at 800-323-1983.

Condensate Polishing & Maintaining Quality Boiler Water

2012-01-10T08:30:00.005-05:00

Maintaining proper boiler water quality can be both costly and complicated when faced with navigating ASME boiler water guidelines. One cost effective solution is sodium cycle condensate polishing. Simple to operate and maintain, condensate polishers have been proven to realize real savings relative to chemical and energy consumption and provide the ability to control
corrosion transport and condenser in-leakage.

Not sure if condensate polishing is a good fit for your needs? We’ve developed a Boiler Feedwater checklist to help. Click here to review the list or contact us and we’ll analyze your steam loop together.

Condensate Polisher Ready for Shipment to Chemical Plant in Louisiana

2011-12-20T12:09:00.001-05:00

Res-Kem will be shipping a condensate polisher to a chemical plant in Louisiana in a two days. This system will be used to treat condensate to save water treatment chemical costs, identify process equipment leaks and will likely improve product quality of the chemicals they produce.

What is the problem?
The chemical plant uses steam in heat exchangers and jacketed process reactors. The steam condensate returns at about 20 ppm hardness 24/7. Recycling this high hardness condensate back into the boiler makeup water reduces the number of cycles of concentration possible and increases water treatment chemical usage. Given the number of heat exchangers and reactors, it has been difficult to determine where the leaks are coming from.

What is the system solution?
Working with a Res-Kem subject matter expert, a condensate polisher was selected to reduce the hardness in the steam condensate prior to being returned to the boiler makeup. A Hach SP-510 hardness analyzer installed on the treated water side of the CP will be used to determine when the polisher needs to be regenerated every two minutes process. A Hach APA-6000 will be used to measure the incoming value of the hardness during operation. By measuring and recording the water hardness and which process is operating, the plant engineers should be able to correlate which heat exchanger and/or reactor has the leak.

Single Condensate Polisher with Bray Valves and Sample Cooler

System Operating Parameters:
The new, single tank condensate polisher will treat up to 140 gpm and since the system uses a highly crosslinked cation exchange resin, the system will operate at a maximum of 185 F. As stated above, the Hach SP510 analyzer will take samples of the treated condensate every two minutes. When the treated condensate reaches 10 ppm a signal will be sent to the DCS in the control room. Depending upon the production schedule, regeneration of the condensate polisher start.

System Features:
Res-Kem has a customizable standard design for our condensate polishers from 20 to 66" in diameter with single to multiple tanks in parallel. All wetted materials of the polisher are manufactured in 304L and 316L stainless steel. The single mineral tank is an ASME-code vessel with a design pressure of 100 psig and test pressure of 130 psig. The valves are Bray butterfly valves with 316L wetted parts. Since we have a customizable standard design we easily accommodated the customer's company-wide standard of HYTORX actuators with position indicators.

Bray Valve with HYTORX-131 Actuator and Flow Control on Condensate Polisher

Optional Added Features:

Sample cooler-Required to operate the Hach hardness analyzers. The maximum operating temperature for these instruments is F. Also, the sample cooler insure accurate measurement of pH in the condensate. Without a sample cooler, the pH will be inaccurately high.
Hach SP510 Go/No Go hardness analyzer-This unit has multiple ranges which need to be selected when ordering
Hach APA 6000
Emerson HYTORX actuators

For Additional Help:

Water Softener Shipped to Food Flavorings Company in New Jersey

2011-12-13T16:51:00.000-05:00

Res-Kem recently shipped an industrial water softener to a food flavorings plant in southern New Jersey. The water treated by the water softener is used to make steam to sterilize the raw plant material prior to extraction and extract the flavoring. The softener will be a replacement to an existing tank which has failed after 40 years of service.

System Operating Parameters:
Since most of the steam ends up in the plant matter and the extracted flavor ingredient, very little steam condensate is returned. This make the makeup flow very large. Each of the three softeners operate at 200 gpm and 80 psig. Because to the system's age, corrosion of the tanks and piping have become a maintenance nightmare.

Existing Industrial Water Softener

New System:
The new system is an 84" diameter steel vessel and is finished in an epoxy coated interior and exterior. The face piping is Schedule 80 PVC. The valves are Bray valves with Bray air-to-air actuators. The system is controlled by an Aquamatic 962 controller. At this point, regeneration will be initiated manually when production will allow. To handle the existing uneven floor, four jack legs were provided.

New Water Softener prior to Shipment to Food and Flavorings Plant

I Can't Believe It's Not A Water Sample!

2011-12-01T09:07:00.002-05:00

Holy Moses! It wasn't 1 week after my last blog on October 28th 2011 about receiving water sample in old pickle jars when I get a water sample in an used margarine container!

Water Sample Container Received by Res-Kem

P-L-E-A-S-E!. My disclaimer: "results not guaranteed for accuracy due to improper sampling container" Ok, the courtesy testing we do is of the non-critical, aesthetics only variety, however, I'm sure the old butter will skew my results. Now that the blue is leaving my face, please help a friend out and read my October 28th 2011 blog. Matter of fact, print it out and keep it in your shirt pocket or maybe tape it to the back door of your work van. Amen.

Validatable Water System for New Jersey Pharmaceutical Company Shipped

2011-11-28T16:34:00.000-05:00

We were recently asked to provide a DI water system for a central NJ Pharmaceutical company. They required a small amount of water for a batching operation, 50 – 60 gallons per batch 3 to 5 batches per day. Their requirements were that the water would have to meet USP specifications and that the system would need to be validatable.

Res-Kem Skid-Mounted Water Treatment and Recirculation System
Being Prepared For Delivery

This was a perfect fit for one of our portable skid mounted, pre-plumbed and wired delivery systems. The system fabricated offered 5-micron pre filter cartridge, gallon totalizing meter, SDI exchange tanks, 1-micron resin trap filter cartridge to a 125-gallon storage tank complete with vent filter, spray ball assembly, and 3-way level control. The water would then return to the skid by way of a continuous duty recirculation pump where it would continue through a flow indication meter, bacteria control ultra violet, exchangeable polishing resin tanks and 0.20 micron absolute final filters before returning to the storage tank.

125 Gallon Sterile-Vented Polypropylene Storage Tank
With Spray Ball Assembly Being Prepared for Delivery

The customer also included an optional temperature control dump valve and resistivity monitor with two sensors. All this is controlled by an AB-Micrologx 1200 PLC. The entire skid with storage tank takes up less than 16 square feet of floor space and stands less than 6 feet in height.

To complete the package was all validation documentation to insure a seamless and quick turn over at start-up. This included P&ID, electrical schematics, and data required for IQ (Installation Qualification), and OQ (Operational Qualification). This package was provided as both a hard copy and on a CD.

P&ID For Res-Kem Recirculation Skid

Also, as an economical advantage, this system is not only portable but also expandable with very little expense so it will grow as the business grows.

For More Information:
Link to Modular Ultrapure Water Systems
Modular Ultrapure Water Systems Brochure
Service Deionization Information
Need technical help selecting a solution?

Reduce Your Backwash Flow or Lament "Why is my ion exchange resin in the drain?"

2011-11-18T14:51:00.001-05:00

It is that time of year. You must reduce your backwash flow in the Fall or you will find your ion exchange resin in the drain or waste treatment plant.

Why do I need to reduce my backwash flow rate?
If the backwash rate for an ion exchange system is set when the water is warm, the flow rate will be too high when the water temperature is cold. Anion resins are more susceptible to this problem because their densities are lower than cation resins. Your ion exchange supplier should have curves of each resin in their literature.

Example of Backwash Flow Rates and Bed Expansion Chart
Purolite C-100

For example, if a water softening system and therefore the tank are designed for a 50% bed expansion at 77F, the backwash flow rate will be about 6.5 gpm/sq ft for Purolite C-100 cation exchange resin. If the temperature of the water decreases to 41F, the bed will expand 120% at that same 6.5 gpm/sq ft sending most of the resin down the drain.

Please note, each resin will have a different backwash rate, so look in the manufacturer's bulletins for the correct value.

How do I prevent this from happening?

If you have a backwash valve with a position stop, decrease the flow rate to the correct value at the colder operation temperature.
If you have a backwash controller with rubber inserts, remove and plug enough holes to decrease the flow rate to the correct value at the colder operation temperature.

Some of the Numerous Flow Controls and Flow Inserts Offered by Res-Kem

Install a resin trap in the backwash line of the system. If there is any media carry-over, it will be trapped, hence the name.

Res-Kem Manufactures Resin Traps for 2", 3" and 4" Piping to Prevent Resin and
Other Media From Contaminating Downstream Equipment

Need Help?:

Contact Res-Kem if you need help determining what needs to be done or to have us service you equipment.

Need Technical Information?

Dow Ion Exchange Resin Information

Purolite Ion Exchange Resin Information

Sybron/Lanxess Ion Exchange Resin Information

Thermax Ion Exchange Resin Information

Flo-Controlet Flow Control Brochure Page 1 and Page 2

Flo-et Flow Control Brochure

Res-Kem Resin Trap Information

3D CAD Drawings for Condensate Polishers for University in Massachusetts

2011-11-15T16:23:00.001-05:00

In order to speed installation of the condensate polishers we recently shipped to Massachusetts, Res-Kem was asked to provide 3D CAD files for the condensate polishers. Here are some screenshots of these drawings.

Solidworks 3D CAD drawing of Triple Condensate Polisher

Why use 3D CAD?
Given the complexity of the installation, tight dimensions and tight timeline, the 3D drawing helps the mechanical contractors understand how the condensate polisher is assembled and needs to be installed. Also, prior to receiving the system, the contractor can bring piping to the equipment saving on site installation time.

In addition to the standard AutoCAD and Solidworks files we sent to the customer, we sent an executable file. This allows anyone, with or without a CAD program, the ability to select any view and take dimensions off of the drawing.

Alternate view of 3D CAD drawing of Stainless Steel Condensate Polishers

Water Sampling a Critical Step in Residential Water Equipment Selection

2011-10-28T14:56:00.003-04:00

For our wholesale equipment customers who treat well water, we offer a very basic water analysis. Ultimately, the success of the water treatment starts with proper sampling methods. We aren't talking rocket surgery here. Most residential water treatment systems can be prescribed by testing for 3-5 parameters, including hardness, pH, iron and Total Dissolved solids (TDS). However, what I find are samples collected in old pickle jars with little documentation. Most treatment companies will provide you with a clean sample bottle and a questionnaire, not pickle jar the home owner gave you. If your customer wants an independent analysis, your customer can also find a certified laboratory in your State.

Critical questions for a questionnaire:

Is there an existing treatment system?
How powerful is the water pump?
How many bathrooms?
Any mega showers and Jacuzzi tubs? Irrigation?
Taste, odor, color?

Make as many observations as possible, listen to the homeowner. Part of your sample tool kit are your eyes, ears and nose. One of the best water observation tools are is a simple white Styrofoam cup. Fill it with water and see if there is any color or sediment. Always carry a washing machine hose and 5 gallon bucket. They make great sampling tools, especially if you are sampling from the well tank. Run off at least one five gallon bucket to clear the line.

LaMotte Color Q DW model 2059

Of course you can forgo future brow beating and lectures from me if you purchase your own test kit and test the water yourself. You'll still need to ask the same questions above. Test kits range from mild to wild. We use the LaMotte Color Q DW model 2059. Now don't get excited. We don't sell test kits we sell the equipment after the test. If you get it right, every one's happy.

For additional information:
Certified water testing laboratories in your State
LaMotte Drinking Water Testing Products

Condensate Polishing System Shipped to University in Massachusetts

2011-10-28T14:03:00.000-04:00

A triple all stainless steel condensate polisher was shipped to a university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The system is designed to treat 445 gpm of condensate and is replacing an existing unit which had reached the end of its life. This is part of a major upgrade of the steam plant including the condensate polishers, a triple dealkalizer system, which Res-Kem will provide in November, and a deaerator.

Res-Kem Triple Stainless Steel Condensate Polishing System

Here are the key features of the condensate polisher:

For long equipment life, the system has three, 54" ASME-code tanks manufactured in 304 L stainless steel.
To simplify field installation, the system includes inlet, outlet, drain, backwash supply, brine and sub-surface wash headers.
The condensate polisher incorporates Bray 31 series butterfly valves with 92 series air open/air close actuators.
We supplied a custom designed FRP NEMA 12 panel with an Allen Bradley PLC with three solenoid boxes..
304L stainless steel face piping.
Regeneration initiated via totalized flow or differential pressure.
The flow sensors to measure the treated condensate from each of the vessels were supplied by others.
The differential pressure switches are Orange Research 1203 DP transmitters with 4-20 mA output.
A subsurface wash is included to increase the time between regenerations increasing total energy efficiency.
A brine distributor for reduced salt usage
A separate source backwash is included to increase condensate heat recovery.
To prevent downstream damage, stainless steel resin traps are included in the treated water line.

Condensate Polishing System Being Off-Loaded at Customer's Site

Given the small space where the system is located, the standard design of the condensate polisher had to be re-engineered. For example:

The three pressure vessels could not be evenly placed because a vertical support beam would be in the way making each header piece unique.
A height restriction required numerous engineering design iterations to get the system in the space allotted.
All headers needed to be nested in a very small envelop on the front of the system.

Additional information:

Condensate Polisher Checklist Webpage Version
Condensate Polisher Checklist - PDF Version
Condensate Polisher System Brochure
Need Applications Engineer

Ultra Filtration - The Membrane Problem Solver

2011-10-04T16:37:00.002-04:00

There are very few innovations in the water treatment market these days. Sure the electronic controls have gotten more intuitive and compact, that is about it. Ion exchange hasn’t really made quantum leaps into the 22^nd century either. So before I depress my fellow colleagues and influence young people to seek another career path, there is one exciting application of an innovation that really works. Ultra Filtration (UF). UF isn’t something new, but the membrane technology that makes it work has been refined and tamed over the years. For this Blog, I want to discuss its residential and light commercial applications as they relate to problem well water.

Magnified Ultrafiltration Membrane Fibers

What is an UF filter?

For the uninitiated, a UF filter at first glance looks similar to a Reverse Osmosis membrane, only because it shares the same membrane housing. But that is where it stops. Same on the outside, vastly different on the inside. A UF filter is a bundle of tubes tightly bound together. A UF membrane system doesn’t require pumps and storage tanks like an RO. Depending on conditions your typical 4”x40” UF membrane can yield 7 gpm service water and require a backwash every 100-400 gallons of processed water. A UF will effectively filter down to .025 micron. .025 micron is where virus and cysts live! GONE!

What is a good UF application?
Basically UF’s are applied to water with color or sediments that are not being removed by conventional 1 micron or larger filtration, or sediment that takes days to settle out. In the past a professional would feed Alum into 120 gallon tank(s) to coagulate, precipitate, then filter. Quite messy and labor intensive. Now you can send the same water right through the UF membrane. The result is sparkling clear water. Let me rephrase that, AMAZINGLY clear water. Only use treated water to backwash a UF filter. Failure to use treated backwash water will cause the membrane to foul. Since the backwash cycle is only 30 seconds and uses only 3 gallons of water, most people add a large pressure tank (40 gallons with 15 gallon draw down) after the UF to act as the clean water storage. Short comings? What won't this membrane miracle handle? AVOID anything that "grows". Iron, manganese and sulfur bacteria for example could clog the membrane. Oil and grease is also a poor choice. Consider a UF on your next "murky" water job. Be AMAZED.

Composite Fiberglass Softeners Versus Lined Carbon Steel Softeners

2011-10-04T15:38:00.004-04:00

Epoxy Coated Dual Tank Water Softener with Optional Stainless Steel Piping

Here are a few pro's and con's for a lined carbon steel softener option and a composite fiberglass softener system

Advantages of carbon steel lined softener system:

Lined carbon steel system has top man ways and side wall handholes. Having these access points to get to the resin bed and underdrain hub and lateral can be extremely helpful when changing the resin. Changing the resin can take place every 3-8 years and is contingent on chlorine levels in raw water.
If the underdrain fails the lined carbon steel tank would stay in place with face piping left in-tact. The repairs could be accomplished from the side wall handholes.
Lined carbon steel tank can resist being damaged with a passing forklift or other moving equipment
If power fails and water pressure is still available, the unit can be generated manually. This is done by manually turning the pilot stager to each service cycle for the specified time in the step.
If a temporary vacuum was ever introduced on a lined carbon steel tank it would likely not have any damages to the liner or tank.
Higher flow rates can be achieved with lower pressure drops on 2" inlet/outlet 30" diameter carbon steel softener system versus a fiberglass system same tank diameter using a Fleck 2" 2900 valve

Disadvantages of a carbon steel lined system:

Lined carbon steel pressure vessel softeners are more costly and more expensive to assemble
Longer lead times associated with these systems (4-8 weeks)
Lined carbon steel tanks make for a lot of condensation and unlike fiberglass tanks aren't as resistant to corrosion even with a primed and painted exterior

Longer Lead Time to procure system components and to build the softener system

Manual Fiberglass Water Softener

Advantages of a composite fiberglass tank softener system:

Lower cost materials to build the softener system
A spare identical multi-port valve and control can be kept as a complete spare and be changed out in kind.
Shorter lead time. valves and composite fiberglass tanks are readily available. (1 - 3 weeks)
Pressure vessel is resistant to corrosion from tank condensation

Disadvantages of a composite fiberglass tank softener system:

Can't withstand a vacuum being drawn on the tank. A lined composite fiberglass vessel under a vacuum would likely have a polyethylene liner failure. For this reason a vacuum breaker should be installed in a tee on the inlet water piping.
The piping needs to be supported by framework and the connections to the tank need to be flexible.
On a fiberglass tank softener system if the hub and lateral needs to be changed the tank would have to be lowered down to the ground in order to reach in and replace the hub and lateral
In order to change resin, the unions on the multi-port valve inlet, outlet and drain would need to be broken and the multi-port valve must be to unthreaded from the top of the tank. If this is done multiple times over a short period of time, the tank threads are prone to leaking
If seismic specifications are needed on the pressure vessels, fiberglass tanks shouldn't be selected
If there is an electrical power failure the multi-port valve is not operable and the unit can't be regenerated
The commerically available controllers that are available with multi-port valve softeners are local only and integration with a PLC is not possible in most cases

Condensate Polisher Shipped to Arkansas

2011-10-04T13:00:00.000-04:00

We shipped another condensate polishing system last month. This dual tank unit was shipped to a government facility in Arkansas.

Here are the key features of the polisher:

The system has two, 36" stainless steel, ASME-code tanks mounted on a skid to treat steam condensate.
The condensate polisher incorporates Bray 31 series butterfly valves with 93 series air open/spring return actuators.
We use a custom designed FRP NEMA 4X panel with an Allen Bradley PLC.
304L stainless steel face piping.
Regeneration initiated via totalized flow or differential pressure.
Seametrics model IP101S flow sensors measure the treated condensate from each of the vessels.
The differential pressure switches are Orange Research 1201 series.
A subsurface wash is included to increase the time between regenerations increasing total energy efficiency.
A separate source backwash is included to increase condensate heat recovery.

Additional information:
Condensate Polisher system brochure
Condensate Polisher Checklist
Need Applications Engineer

Updated Look of Res-Kem Blog a.k.a. Watch Out for the New Blogger Interface

2011-09-22T10:54:00.000-04:00

Last Friday, I was looking over the Res-Kem blog and noticed something to the effect of "Try the updated Blogger Interface". Well I did! It was the classic "Oooo Shiny" marketing people sometime get caught up in.

The Bad News:
After about two quick clicks....BAM! I lost all the custom code of our blog!!! All the work to make the blog look like the Res-Kem site was gone. Other than going to our web people, getting the backup and reloading, there was NO WAY TO RECOVER IT!! Now the scramble began!!

The Good News:
I did not lose the the over six years of posts to the Res-Kem blog! The site reverted to a generic and very boring blog.

The Great News!!:
Faced with a blog that did not look like our website, I was forced to delve into the Blogger design features I frankly has turned a blind eye to over the years. This may be old news to some, but I was pleased with the ability to modify the features and layout. I am ecstatic with the dramatic improvement to our blog! We now have a blog that:

More closely matches the Res-Kem site.
Has virtually the same left navigation as the Res-Kem site.
Has virtually the same top navigation as the Res-Kem site which I never could get to work!
Finally has a blog only search bar! I have wanted to do this for a long time!
Includes a "Popular Posts" section.
Includes a "Blog Slideshow" section which cycles through all the photos on our blog.
Includes a "Video Bar" section which has thumbnails of some of our YouTube AquaMatic valve videos.

The Moral of the Story:
As the saying goes, "If it ain't broke, break it", you never know what improvements can be made!

I welcome any feedback you might have.

Common Anion Resin Foulants

2011-09-09T14:50:00.000-04:00

In a previous blog, we discussed common cation resin foulants. Here are some typical issues that we see with anion resin.

Organics:
Surface waters, such as rivers, streams, reservoirs, lakes, etc, can contain hundreds of PPM of natural and man-made organic matter. Natural organics are commonly formed from decaying vegetation. This decaying vegetation includes tannins, tannic acid, humic acid, and fulvic acid. Organics block strong base sites, which reduces the resin’s Salt Splitting Capacity (SSC). SSC is a major component of the resin capacity. It is a measure of the number of sites acting as a strong base on the anion resin, which acts together with strong acid sites to perform mix-bed polishing. As these sites become blocked, this reduces the anion resin’s capacity. Organic fouling of anion resin is noticed by the tea-colored to dark brown color of the water flowing from the outlet of an anion unit during regeneration.

Iron:
Precipitated iron, also known as ferric iron, or clear water iron (ferrous iron) that becomes oxidized into small solid iron particles can coat ion exchange resin, both Anion and Cation resin, reducing the resin’s ion exchange capacity. Not only does iron coat the surface of the resin, but it can also penetrate within the resin bead. Clear water iron (ferrous iron) can be removed from strong acid cation resin through a softener; however, if clear water iron comes in contact with oxidizing agents, such as air/oxygen or chlorine, ferrous iron turns to ferric iron and this will clog resin beads, decreasing their capacity and prevent ion exchange.

Aluminum:
Aluminum Sulfate, also known as alum, is used in water treatment to remove turbidity and suspended solids, causing these smaller particles to stick together to form larger particles, so they can be removed by filtration. Typically, Aluminum can be found in water due to the carryover of using Alum. Aluminum can precipitate into a jelly-like substance and coat resin, which will make the exchange sites inaccessible and reduce the capacity.

Silica:
Silica Fouling is commonly caused by improper regeneration in which the regenerate temperature is too low, or if the caustic used to regenerate contains too much silica. At low pH levels, silica can turn into colloidal silicic acid, which causes shorter runs and poor quality on anion resin beds.

Oil/Grease:
These substances can coat the resin causing short service cycles and poor product water quality. Dirt particles and broken resin beds will stick to oil and grease which also causes channeling of the resin bed. Oil fouling typically occurs from leaks in oil-lubricated pumps.

If you notice a loss in capacity of your anion vessel, it would be best to take a sample of the resin and have it tested to investigate any potential problems. To learn the best way to sample your resin, please check out this previous blog post.

Ion Exchange Resin Testing & Analysis Services

2011-08-26T10:13:00.028-04:00

Test your ion exchange resin to monitor and maintain your water treatment systems such as softeners, dealkalizers, condensate polishers, deionizers or demineralizer systems. You should have the resin analyzed on a yearly basis to check the quality and performance of the resin. Samples can be taken from the resin bed and sent to Res-Kem to have the resin analyzed.

Res-Kem partners with Purolite Company to perform the resin analysis. The three most common tests we see performed are:

Total Capacity

Moisture Content

Resin Bead Integrity

Other tests that can be performed are:

Iron Fouling

Organic Fouling

Ash Content of the resin

but we will explain the latter in the detail.

First, a sample of the resin bed is required, so it can be analyzed. Taking a good sample is very important to get proper results on the analysis performed. We recommend a sample be taken from various levels of the resin bed and within different areas of the bed. We suggest using a piece of PVC pipe, ½” or 1” in diameter and long enough to get down into the resin. Stick the pvc pipe all the way down the resin bed to pull up a sample. Think of a soda straw, when you place your finger on the top of the straw in soda, and pull up the straw with soda inside it. Now that we have our sample, lets look at the resin tests.

Total Capacity Test:
The total capacity of an ion exchange resin is defined as the total number of sites available for exchange per some unit weight or unit volume of resin. The capacity is expressed in terms of millequivalents per milliliter MEQ/ML for wet resin. For example, new strong acid cation resin, typically, has a total capacity spec of 2.2 MEQ/ML. A resin sample will get compared to new virgin resin for the test. Based on our experiences with Purolite, if a total capacity analysis shows more than a 20% difference compared to new resin, one should consider a resin change out. In the case of the SAC resin, a change out would be suggested if the total capacity test of the sampled resin shows a spec of 1.75 MEQ/ML or less compared to a new spec of 2.2 MEQ/ML.

Moisture Capacity Test:
The moisture content of a resin is a measure of its water holding capacity or swelling. New Cation Softening resin will usually have a water retention spec of 45-48%. Type I Strong Base Anion resin the Chloride form has a spec of about 48-54% moisture. If a resin analysis is to be done, it is important to test the moisture content of the resin sample to see if it’s within spec. An increase of the moisture content in resin is a clear indication of oxidation occurring on the resin. The resin tends to become soft, which leads to pressure drop and channeling, and will eventually affect the capacity of the resin. Going back to the softening resin spec, if we see an increase of more than 6% on the higher spec of 48%, we will throw up a red flag.

Bead Integrity Test:
Our bead integrity test is a percentage measurement of whole, cracked, & broken resin beads. For example, test results will show the following: 94-4-2. 94% would be whole, 4% would be cracked, and 2% would be broken. Broken beads usually occur over time and are a normal part of wear and tear on the resin. Usually, a thorough backwashing of the resin bed will remove broken beads and fines. If broken beads accumulate over time because they are not flushed from backwashing, and the percentage test results of broken beads are shown to be in double digits, their presence will result in channeling of the resin bed and pressure drop.

For further information:
On our resin analysis, please visit our website.

Please contact me, Mike Polito, when you have completed the Resin Analysis Request Form.

Here are the resin analyses charges.

Fleck Valved Multiple Tanks -"What's Your System Number?"

2011-08-19T13:37:00.015-04:00

The Problem:
Many water treatment end users can wind up inheriting an orphaned treatment system. Usually it was part of a package supplied by a car wash or a boiler treatment company. The situation becomes more confusing when there are multiple tanks with elaborate wiring and piping that resembles knotted intestines. Also, the owners manual provides little guidance or is lost. The following will provide a link to enlightenment and will help ID your multiple tank system and un-knot your intestines.

History:
In the days before reliable electronics, softener manufacturers demanded Fleck design a control valve system that could operate multiple tanked softeners and filters. Fleck labeled them "systems" and assigned them an elaborate numbering ID System 4,5,6,7 & 9. What no 8?

Here is what they mean:
- System 4 was the most simple, one tank time clock or water meter regeneration.
- System 5 multiple tanks, meter on each valve, operates parallel, regenerates sequentially.
- System 6 multiple tanks, only one meter at the end of the system, "split flow". - Systems 6 is popular for filters with heavy media that need to "SPLIT" the flow between 1,2 or 3 tanks to provide enough backwash water.
- System 7, the most popular, called the alternator. System 7 keeps one tank in service and one tank in stand-by. When the on-line tank is spent, the standby tank is put on-line. They alternate.
- System 8? Poor system 8, never happened.
- System 9 is like system 7, the altenator, but with more tanks.

Confused? Here is the link to Pentair Fleck Valve enlightenment.

For a minimal cost you can convert the "Wire Monsters" to state of the art electronics by adding NXT power heads.

The NXT have all these systems plugged in. Just select the one you need. Also here is information on the Aquamatic 962 NXT controller

Trailer & Skid Mounted Mobile Water Treatment Systems Available

2011-08-18T08:59:00.000-04:00

Res-Kem, in association with our parent company, Nalco, now offers many different mobile water treatment system options. Whether you need supplemental water for short-term shortages, temporary water while waiting for a new system to be delivered, or improved water quality due to a change in feedwater, we can provide the mobile options to meet your needs.

Our mobile fleet includes equipment installed in containers, trailers, or skid mounted to meet your water quality requirements. Equipment technologies we offer include:

RO units

Deionization (DI) tanks

Multi-media Filtration

Activated Carbon Filtration

Ion Exchange Softening

Iron Removal

We can customize the water treatment unit operations to meet your individual application requirements. These are trailer options we offer:

Mobile RO Trailers - 500 gpm Single pass RO or 220 gpm Double pass RO

Mobile DI Trailers - Maximum flow rate of 350 gpm and a 4.3 million grain capacity

Mobile Pretreatment Trailers - 600 gpm for filtered water or 800 gpm softened water

Typical mobile water treatment applications include:

Scheduled shutdown and maintenance

Additional capacity needed due to plant expansion

Change in process requiring better water quality

Water for pilot testing

Interim water service while awaiting the installation of permanent equipment

Seasonal water variances in quantity or quality

Inlet water quality no longer meets specifications

Common Cation Ion Exchange Resin Foulants

2011-08-17T10:19:00.003-04:00

We are often asked to help with an ion exchange system that no longer has the same run length as when it was new. Typically, this is the result of either reversible or non-reversible fouling of the cation and/or anion ion exchange resin. These are some of the common foulants:

Iron:
Clear Water Iron (ferrous iron) can be removed through a softener. As long as iron stays in the ferrous form, regenerating a softener with a salt brine solution will remove the iron off the resin. When ferrous iron becomes oxidized into ferric iron (small solid iron particles), this type of iron will coat the surface of the resin, as well as, penetrate the internal matrix of the resin bead. Two common oxidizing agents, which can be present in water during the service cycle, are chlorine and oxygen that can cause the ferrous iron to form into ferric iron.

Aluminum:
Aluminum can be found in water due to the carryover of using Alum or Aluminum Sulfate in water treatment to remove suspended solids and turbidity. Aluminum will coat the resin and penetrate inside the resin bead causing poor exchange sites and reduce capacity.

Barium:
Barium is a metal that can be removed by softening resin. If Barium precipitates into Barium Sulfate where the Sulfate is greater than two ppm and the Barium is less than one ppm, this will foul the cation resin and reduce it’s capacity.

Oil/Grease:
Oil fouling typically occurs from leaks in oil-lubricated pumps. This will coat the resin causing short service cycles and poor product water quality. Dirt particles and broken resin beds will stick to oil and grease which also causes channeling of the resin bed.

Hardness Salts (Calcium & Magnesium):
This type of fouling occurs from improper resin regeneration. In a demineralizer or deionizer using sulfuric acid regeneration, calcium sulfate can form when the sulfuric acid regenerant is at too high a concentration or at too low a flow rate. This will lead to a gradual build up of hardness ions on the surface of the resin beads and within their structure. Once this occurs, regenerating the resin becomes more difficult which causes shorter service runs and reduces the resin life.

How Do I Figure out what the problem is?
The best way is to take a representative resin sample and have it tested. Please note, this may not be cost effective on small softeners because the labor cost of taking the sample and the resin analyses cost may be more than simply replacing with new resin. If you decide to have your resin tested, please fill out our Resin Analysis Submittal Form so we can start to figure out what the problem is. After that Mike Polito will have an RMA # issued so the resin sample can be received at Res-Kem.

300 gpm Industrial Water Softener Shipped to a Virginia University

2011-08-12T14:01:00.015-04:00

I nearly missed taking photos of a very nice looking quadruple tank industrial water softener that recently left our plant. As you can see, the system is being prepared for shipment and only two of the four tanks were available in this photo.

System Details:
The system has four 30" water softener vessels commonly called "mineral tanks". Each tank is rated for 75 gpm. The tanks are ASME code carbon steel tanks with a design pressure rating 100 psig.

Given the customizable standard designs we have for all of our water softening equipment and all of our industrial water treatment equipment, Res-Kem was able to accommodate the customer's request for carbon steel tanks with 304L stainless steel face piping. Bray series 21 butterfly valves with stainless steel body, 316 SS disc & stem, Teflon lined EPDM seat. Each of the automated valves were equipped with Bray series 70 electric actuators, two SPDT limit switches and a manual override handle.

The internals of the tanks use stainless steel hubs and stainless steel wedgewire laterals for long life.

The water softener system is being readied for shipment to our customer.

While our standard design uses the AquaMatic 962 controller, we offer as an option an Allen Bradley PLC. This system uses the Allen Bradley MicroLogix PLC with Panelview 600 operator interface terminal mounted in a NEMA 4X fiberglass enclosure was used to control the system.

Please contact us for further information on how to size a water softener for you requirements.

Peroxide. Mother Natures Hamburger Helper

2011-08-05T10:19:00.012-04:00

As water treatment professionals we sometimes stumble upon jobs that are very troublesome. Those jobs almost always involve iron removal from ground water with oxidation. Oxidation is a tricky science. Your pH must be near neutral, but never above 8.2. High pH will cause the iron to create sludge. If you are using conventional air injection via venturi, pump or vacuum, you run the possibility of creating iron precipitate sludge. Also, barometric pressure, water temperature, and elevation greatly effect water's ability to hold oxygen.

Peroxide to the Rescue:
Now back to that pesky job leaking 0.5 ppm iron past your air fed iron filter where you've tried "everything". Peroxide to the rescue! What you are lacking is a good wallop of pure O2. 7% peroxide contains 70,000 ppm of oxygen. That will jump start your oxidation! Try it! You will be amazed. Your filter starts working and will nail that last bit of sneaky iron or sulfur . Peroxide works wonders for sulfur too.

For the wholesale market, we have built a complete package to treat water with iron and/or sulfur problems. It is called the Ultimate Oxidizer.

Extra Details you Need to Know:
Now I can continue on with a real snoozer of a post with all the minute details of "peroxification", but there are important peroxide application rules of the road.

Use 7% peroxide NSF rated with proper labeling. Any concentration greater than 7% will subject you to the scrutiny of regulators and lawyers.

Inject peroxide into the plumbing with a peristaltic pump, like Stenner or Chemtech XP.

Never dilute peroxide unless you use distilled, reverse osmosis, or deionized water. 7% peroxide should never need to be diluted, just adjust your pump's feed rate.

Store peroxide like a fine red wine: cool and dark.

A little peroxide goes a long way. Feed peroxide @ around 2 ppm per ppm of iron or sulfur. Feed into an in line mixer. a.k.a. static mixer, to gain optimal peroxide/water blending. No need for big blending tanks, peroxide works fast.

If the finished water turns white with micro bubbles you need to back down your feed pump. "if bubbles abound, turn your pump down". Peroxide is pure. It's just oxygen and water. No mystery ingredients like bleach. Plus with bleach, you run the risk of creating chlorinated by-products. This won't happen with peroxide. Dare I say peroxide is the "green oxidizer". Yup I dare.

Before You Start:
Please email me or call 800-323-1983 at ask for Michael Urbans.

AquaMatic Valves-Normally Open or Normally Closed...That is the Question

2011-08-04T16:57:00.022-04:00

One of the most confusing concepts of Aquamatic Valves is trying to determine from the customer if the valve is normally open or normally closed. What seems to confuse most customers when asked this question is how the valve functions on their system. For example, Res-Kem Water Softeners, for the most part, use a Normally Open Aquamatic Valve configuration. During the running process, the inlet and outlet valves are open allowing water to flow through the valves; whereas, a brine valve or a backwash valve is closed most of the time. Customers tend to interpret this to mean these particular valves are normally closed, and the inlet/outlet valves are normally open, but this is not the case at all.

That brings us to the question: what does Normally Open and Normally Closed mean when speaking about Aquamatic Valves. Aquamatic valves are controlled specifically by pressure. Even more so, line pressure from either water or air flowing into the valve, and control pressure, which comes from an Aquamatic Stager Controller or some type of solenoid. Lets take a look at how one can determine if their valves are normally open or normally closed.

So how does a Normally Open Aquamatic Valve work?
In the Aquamatic world, a Normally Open Valve means when water or air passes through the inlet side of an Aquamatic Valve, the Aquamatic Valve will open to allow the water or air to flow through it. More simply put, in a Normally Open configuration, line pressure opens the valve, and control pressure closes the valve.

So, the only way to close this valve is to apply control pressure into the Aquamatic Valve’s diaphragm chamber through the control port on top of the valve cap. This control pressure can be either water or air, and the pressure has to be equal or greater than the line pressure. Equal pressure will close the valve because the surface area of the diaphragm chamber is greater than the surface area of the inlet hole of the valve.

Here is a diagram showing the function of a Normally Open Valve:

In looking at the diagram, water flowing into the valve, will open up the valve in a Normally Open valve configuration, and the control pressure applied to the diaphragm, chamber will close the valve. From a visual standpoint, if one sees a small tubing line connected to the top of the Aquamatic Valve’s cap, that is a good indication the valve is Normally Open.

So how does a Normally Closed Aquamatic Valve work?
A Normally Closed Valve means when water or air passes through the inlet side of an Aquamatic Valve, the Aquamatic Valve will close stopping the flow of water or air. Said another way, in a Normally Closed configuration, line pressure closes the valve, and control pressure opens the valve.

There is a shaft inside the Aquamatic Valves that holds the other parts in place. A Normally Closed Valve has a hollow shaft. The hollow shaft allows the line pressure, water or air, to flow up the shaft into the diaphragm chamber. This pressurizes the diaphragm chamber, which then push the parts down closing the Aquamatic Valve. A pipe plug is inserted in the port on top of the valve cap to keep the water or air pressure from escaping the valve. In order to open up this valve, control pressure is applied to a port that is typically located underneath the valve cap, which forces the valve in the open stage. Here is a diagram showing how a Normally Closed Valve functions:

The best way to determine if the valve is normally closed is to see if a pipe plug inserted on the valve cap.

How can Res-Kem help me?
Hopefully, I have been able to explain the difference between Normally Open or Normally Closed AquaMatic valves. If not, we usually recommend you email pictures to me. Res-Kem also offers question forms with visuals to also assist.

AquaMatic K52 Series Question Guide
AquaMatic K530 Series Question Guide
AquaMatic V42 Series Question Guide
AquaMatic VAV Series Question Guide

Also look at our videos of how to select and repair AquaMatic valves.

If you have any questions, please email me, Mike Polito, or contact me for further assistance at 800-323-1983.

Activated Carbon-"That Old Black Magic"

2011-07-25T14:27:00.013-04:00

Activated carbon is an amazing product. Its ability to purify and remove contaminants seems limitless. However, few people know what activated carbon really is or how it's manufactured. One of my go to articles on the subject, written by Calgon Carbon, is "Activated Carbon. What is it, How Does it Work".

What is activated carbon made from?
Just about anything organic can be reduced to its elemental carbon. We use the term activated because the organic material must be changed or carbonized to gain necessary pour structure to make it adsorb. Carbon manufacturers who serve the potable water and waste water markets found that coal, wood, and coconut char are the most suitable for the activation process.

How is activated carbon "activated"?
After the base material is selected an graded, it is sent to a huge furnace or "kiln" where it is blasted with 800 to 1000 degree heat. Through the miracle of science, and closely held cooking secrets, out pops the wonderful product known as activated carbon. Depending on the raw material used, finished carbon has a dry packed density from 27.5 to 33 pounds per cubic foot.

What should I look out for?
When purchasing activated carbon please remember quality can vary greatly. Garbage in, garbage out. Stick with a manufacturer or distributor you can trust. Also, since coal and coconut char are a commodity product, they are subject to to market supply and demand forces. Recently supply shortages have driven the price of coconut carbon up 35%.

Additional Information:
On our web site, we have posted an information bulletin titled Activated Carbon Principals. Enlighten yourself, you'll be glad you did. There are many other technical bulletins available on our site, please take a look!